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  DRUG INTRODUCTION IN NURSING PHARMACOLOGY - CHAPTER 1 SUMMARY: Overview and Historical Context Defining Key Concepts Origins of Medications Sources of Drug Information Conclusion INTRODUCTION & HISTORICAL CONTEXT Pharmacology, the study of drug interactions with living systems, finds its roots in the Greek words 'PHARMACON' (drug) and 'logos' (study). Over time, civilizations recognized both the positive and adverse effects of various substances. In the last century, pharmacology experienced significant growth, introducing novel drugs, concepts, and techniques, transforming the treatment landscape. DEFINING KEY CONCEPTS A drug is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as any substance used for diagnosing, preventing, or treating diseases. WHO also emphasizes substances modifying physiological or pathological states for the recipient's benefit. ORIGINS OF MEDICATIONS Ancient civilizations acknowledged the utility and toxicity of plant and animal product...

  COGNITIVE PROCESS - PERCEPTION IN PSYCHOLOGY FOR NURSES – CHAPTER 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS: • INTRODUCTION • DEFINITIONS • PRINCIPLES OF PERCEPTION • FACTORS AFFECTING PERCEPTION • ERRORS IN PERCEPTION • NURSING IMPLICATIONS OF PERCEPTION INTRODUCTION: Perception, a vital cognitive process, unfolds when our sensory organs engage with the external world, responding to stimuli and generating sensations. Perception involves interpreting sensory stimuli received by the sense organs and the brain. This interpretation assigns meaning to sensations, enabling awareness of objects. Sensation precedes perception, representing the initial response to a stimulus. DEFINITIONS: • Perception, as defined by J.H. Jackson & D.B. Howieson (1976), is the experience of objects, events, or relationships derived by extracting and interpreting information from sensations. • R.E. Silverman (1976) views perception as an individual's awareness aspect of behavior, involving the processing of raw environmenta...

          INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY: UNRAVELING THE ESSENCE OF BEHAVIOR AND MIND INTRODUCTION Psychology, derived from the Greek words 'psychi' and 'logos,' stands as a cornerstone in the field of nursing. Defined as the systematic exploration of human and animal behavior, psychology encompasses the study of the mind, soul, conscious experience, and behavior. DEFINITIONS OF PSYCHOLOGY Walter Bowers Pillsbury (1911) characterizes psychology as the science of human and animal behavior, applied to human problems. William McDougall (1949) extends this definition, emphasizing psychology's role in understanding and controlling the behavior of the entire organism. HISTORY AND ORIGIN OF THE SCIENCE OF PSYCHOLOGY Structuralism: Originating in Germany (1867-1927) under Wilhelm Wundt, structuralism aimed to identify the elemental units composing the mind, primarily employing introspection. Gestalt Psychology: Founded in Germany around 1912 by Max Wertheimer (1880-1943) ...